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Ambiguity, Vagueness, Fuzziness in Technical/Scientific Texts
Šafránek, Dominik ; Langerová, Petra (referee) ; Walek, Agata (advisor)
Dvojznačnost, vágnost a neurčitost jsou základními nástroji našeho jazyka. Mnoho prací bylo publikováno na toto téma, ale stále se setkáváme s problémy s rozlišováním mezi těmito případy. V této práci Vám poskytnu definice těchto termínů a ukážu je na příkladech, stejně tak na syntaktických testech sloužících k jejich rozlišení. Neurčitost se odlišuje od dvojznačnosti a vágnosti tím, že neimplikuje dva nebo více významů, ale neobsahuje žádnou jednoznačnou referenční hranici a nemůže být vyjasněna dáním kontextu, tj. vyjasněním zamýšleného významu. Na druhou stranu dvojznačné výrazy se liší od těch vágních tím, že obsahují dva nebo více významů, které spolu nesouvisejí sémanticky, ale vágní výrazy implikují dva nebo více významů, jejichž smysly spolu úzce – sémanticky – souvisejí. Dvojznačnost a vágnost mohou být vyjasněny dáním kontextu, tj. nezamýšlené významy mohou být eliminovány. Ačkoli dvojznačnost, vágnost a neurčitost v našem jazyce implikují nejistotu, ve vědeckých a technických textech jsou využívány. Ukážu Vám úryvek z vědeckého výzkumu s názvem ‘Inhibitory effects of different hand sanitizers against the resident microflora of skin’ a daný text zanalyzuji a budu hledat dvojznačné, vágní nebo neurčité výrazy a jejich zásah do kontextu a navrhnu řešení jak nejistotu v textu snížit nebo se ji vyhnout.
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Syntactic Analysis Based on Coupled Finite Automata
Zámečníková, Eva ; Masařík, Karel (referee) ; Lukáš, Roman (advisor)
Master's thesis is dealing with translation based on coupled finite automaton model. Coupled finite automaton contains input and output automaton. The input automaton makes syntactic analysis with an input string. Used rules from the input automaton control the output automaton, which generates an output string. In thesis is described a way of determinisation of the input automaton without loss of information about rules used in original automaton. The determinizitaion is divided into two parts - for finite and infinite translation specified by transducers. Then is presented a new pair automaton with increased computing power. This increased computing power consists in replace of input or output or just a part of automaton by context free grammar.
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Syntactic Analysis Based on Special Models
Zámečníková, Eva ; Masařík, Karel (referee) ; Lukáš, Roman (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with translation based on coupled finite automaton. Coupled finite automaton contains input and output automaton. The input automaton makes syntactic analysis with an input string. Used rules from the input automaton control the output automaton, which generates an output string. Basic topic of this thesis is determinisation of the input automaton without loss of information about rules used in original automaton.
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Localization of a Moving Target using a MIMO Radar System
Šulc, Martin ; Vychodil, Petr (referee) ; Škorpil, Vladislav (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to estimate parameters of the moving target using different radar configurations. First the Doppler effect and the time delay of the received signal is examined. The investigation of these phenomenons is made for radial and non-radial movement of simple monostatic radar configuration and after that for the bistatic and multistatic MIMO configuration. The ambiguity function is presented for all these configurations. The ambiguity function is then used to estimate target parameters from the received signal. The received signal model and ambiguity function for the monostatic radar configuration is developed using Matlab software. Finally the practical use of these implementations is presented and compared.
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An Automatic Configuration of Services of Operating System
Schiffer, Peter ; Peringer, Petr (referee) ; Smrčka, Aleš (advisor)
This Master thesis describes the configuration of operating systems and their capabilities. It introduces differences between configuration of different operating systems according to their specialization, and it introduces advanced configuration of operating systems with third-party applications. The practical part of the thesis is a design of a new computer language aimed at describing a configuration of an operating system and its services. Such a description is used to automatically configure system services by translating it to a sequence of configuration commands. An advantage of the language is its readability by a human, but its similarity with natural languages introduces a certain level of ambiguity. The proposed method of automatic generation of commands deals with the ambiguity by searching and selecting as least as possible destructive commands.
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In the process
Volková, Markéta ; Velická, Erika (referee) ; Korbička, Pavel (advisor)
My bachelor's thesis is an object responding to the space that surrounds it. It points out the contradiction between organic and austere form. In my work, I materialize abstract experiences through metonymically selected building elements related to the places in which I have these experiences. As an extraction of elements appearing in the architecture of the Southern Mediterranean, a form of ornament appears in the work, which is understood by a figurative comparison to the experience of travelling on holiday. Another element, representing a figurative experience of returning "to reality", are the lux spheres. Their character is linked to the architecture of Central Europe. I explore the relationship between the different types of buildings, which I then freely develop. My perception of reality enhances the recognition of the new with the already known. I let the objects represent and capture these two opposing perceptions with implications and emphasis on their differences. In this way, I come to find in my work a similarity between geometric austerity, which signifies perfectionism, and the intuitive unfolding of ornament, which inserts the theme of organicity into the object. An important aspect of the thesis is processuality. I understand my work as a border between conceptual and intuitive process.
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Principles of open and closed kinematic chains and their usage in rehabilitation
Hájek, Jiří ; Kučerová, Klára (advisor) ; Kurková, Simona (referee)
Bakalářská práce Princip otevřených a uzavřených kinematických řetězců a jeho využití v praxi 7 Abstract The terms open (OKC) and closed (CKC) kinematic (kinetic - OKIC and CKIC) chain are very often used in physiotherapy. However, this view has a problem in defining the chains. In theoretical part, we focused on definitions according to individual authors, publications and studies that mention the terms. Because the terms OKC and CKC are perceived very differently in the literature and many authors have adapted them to their image. Based on the acquired knowledge, we find the view of the kinematic chains to be insufficient, inconsistent and thus confusing. In the work, we focused on processing as many resources as possible with the given issue. In the practical part, we used a structured questionnaire focused on therapists in clinical practice. We asked how they use the terms OKC and CKC (resp. OKIC and CKIC) and what experience do they have with the terms in their clinical practice. The aim was to find out: to description of which situations are these terms used for and how the terms are used in different kinesiological situations. To what extent are they used in accordance with the definitions or to what extent they differ from them. Based on the results of the questionnaire and the mentioned literature...
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Use of Sense Relations in Expressing Language Humour: TV Series Analysis
Kopicová, Linda ; Matuchová, Klára (advisor) ; Vít, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on sense relations, the syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axis, and their use in expressing language humour. The analysis was carried out in a corpus extracted from the TV series Friends and How I Met Your Mother. It strives to answer the question whether the sitcoms display the same number of comical incidences both in the first and the last season. Furthermore, it sheds some light on the linguistic realizations employed and the way they operate to trigger laughter. Finally, the thesis provides an insight into the universal tendencies of humour realizations and their reflection in the amassed data.
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The trickster in Herman Melville's The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade and the works of Charles W.Chesnutt
Kyselová, Alžběta ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee)
Tricksters are popular cultural and literary characters which appear across regions and genres in various forms. The characters Uncle Julius from The Conjure Woman collection of short stories by Charles W. Chesnutt, and the confidence man from Herman Melville's The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade are both tricksters who are based on strong cultural backgrounds: the African(- American) religious trickster, and real life con artist William Thompson, respectively. This thesis sets out to compare the tricksters in thematic and structural elements. The origins of the literary characters help shape the readers' expectations and perception of the tricksters. Melville and Chesnutt encourage the stereotypical reading of the characters while also including an alternative one in the text. The conflict of perceptions serves to introduce a number of social topics regarding slavery in The Conjure Woman and self-reliance in The Confidence-Man, both of which ultimately point to the problematic distribution of freedom in American society. The tricksters appear both as literary characters and literary devices, corresponding with the ambiguous nature of the trickster archetype.
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